November 13, 2025, 12:51

Kyiv’s defense, civic resilience, and military adaptability highlighted by Western experts

Western analysts say Ukraine has developed a distinct approach to countering russian aggression, combining strategic innovation, societal resilience, and flexible military tactics.

Lieutenant General Pavel Macko, a Slovakian defense and security expert, presented findings from his recent study, noting that traditional russian military doctrine has faltered in the face of modern hybrid warfare. He emphasized that success in the current conflict relies more on adaptability and moral fortitude than sheer firepower.

Speaking at a briefing at the Media Center Ukraine, Macko outlined three key factors behind Ukraine’s defense: “In the initial period of war, it was clear that Ukraine had adopted an economy of force as well as a very flexible and adaptable defense. And eventually was able to push russian troops out of the Kyiv region. It was critical for the following conduct of the operations and continuation of the war. Second, the exceptional effectiveness of mobilization and the resilience of the society. I can tell you I was struck by videos when I saw the regular citizens taking the role in defense of the country, when they were throwing Molotov cocktails on the russian columns moving through Ukrainian cities, at the very initial stage of the invasion. That was a clear sign for me that an invasion like that cannot eventually win because the nation spontaneously started to defend itself. And that also allowed the military forces to be much stronger. Third, an impressive adaptability and innovation on the battlefield, relearning and retraining undoubtedly impressed Western military experts.”

Read more: https://mediacenter.org.ua/news